Q1. You are performing a port scan with nmap. You are in hurry and conducting the scans at the fastest possible speed. However, you don't want to sacrifice reliability for speed. If stealth is not an issue, what type of scan should you run to get very reliable results?
A. XMAS scan
B. Stealth scan
C. Connect scan
D. Fragmented packet scan
Answer: C
Explanation: A TCP Connect scan, named after the Unix connect() system call is the most accurate scanning method. If a port is open the operating system completes the TCP three-way handshake, and the port scanner immediately closes the connection.
Q2. Samuel is the network administrator of DataX communications Inc. He is trying to configure his firewall to block password brute force attempts on his network. He enables blocking the intruder’s IP address for a period of 24 hours time after more than three unsuccessful attempts. He is confident that this rule will secure his network hackers on the Internet.
But he still receives hundreds of thousands brute-force attempts generated from various IP addresses around the world. After some investigation he realizes that the intruders are using a proxy somewhere else on the Internet which has been scripted to enable the random usage of various proxies on each request so as not to get caught by the firewall use.
Later he adds another rule to his firewall and enables small sleep on the password attempt so that if the password is incorrect, it would take 45 seconds to return to the user to begin another attempt. Since an intruder may use multiple machines to brute force the password, he also throttles the number of connections that will be prepared to accept from a particular IP address. This action will slow the intruder’s attempts.
Samuel wants to completely block hackers brute force attempts on his network.
What are the alternatives to defending against possible brute-force password attacks on his site?
A. Enforce a password policy and use account lockouts after three wrong logon attempts even through this might lock out legit users
B. Enable the IDS to monitor the intrusion attempts and alert you by e-mail about the IP address of the intruder so that you can block them at the firewall manually
C. Enforce complex password policy on your network so that passwords are more difficult to brute force
D. You can’t completely block the intruders attempt if they constantly switch proxies
Answer: D
Explanation: Without knowing from where the next attack will come there is no way of proactively block the attack. This is becoming a increasing problem with the growth of large bot nets using ordinary workstations and home computers in large numbers.
Q3. ____________ will let you assume a users identity at a dynamically generated web page or site.
A. SQL attack
B. Injection attack
C. Cross site scripting
D. The shell attack
E. Winzapper
Answer: C
Explanation: Cross site scripting is also referred to as XSS or CSS. You must know the user is online and you must scam that user into clicking on a link that you have sent in order for this hack attack to work.
Q4. Jason works in the sales and marketing department for a very large advertising agency located in Atlanta. Jason is working on a very important marketing campaign for his company's largest client. Before the project could be completed and implemented, a competing advertising company comes out with the exact same marketing materials and advertising, thus rendering all the work done for Jason's client unusable. Jason is questioned about this and says he has no idea how all the material ended up in the hands of a competitor.
Without any proof, Jason's company cannot do anything except move on. After working on another high profile client for about a month, all the marketing and sales material again ends up in the hands of another competitor and is released to the public before Jason's company can finish the project. Once again, Jason says that he had nothing to do with it and does not know how this could have happened. Jason is given leave with pay until they can figure out what is going on.
Jason's supervisor decides to go through his email and finds a number of emails that were sent to the competitors that ended up with the marketing material. The only items in the emails were attached jpg files, but nothing else. Jason's supervisor opens the picture files, but cannot find anything out of the ordinary with them.
What technique has Jason most likely used?
A. Stealth Rootkit Technique
B. Snow Hiding Technique
C. ADS Streams Technique
D. Image Steganography Technique
Answer: D
Q5. When a malicious hacker identifies a target and wants to eventually compromise this target, what would be the first step the attacker would perform?
A. Cover his tracks by eradicating the log files
B. Gain access to the remote computer for identification of venue of attacks
C. Perform a reconnaissance of the remote target for identification of venue of attacks
D. Always starts with a scan in order to quickly identify venue of attacks
Answer: C
Q6. Bob, an Administrator at company was furious when he discovered that his buddy Trent, has launched a session hijack attack against his network, and sniffed on his communication, including administrative tasks suck as configuring routers, firewalls, IDS, via Telnet.
Bob, being an unhappy administrator, seeks your help to assist him in ensuring that attackers such as Trent will not be able to launch a session hijack in company.
Based on the above scenario, please choose which would be your corrective measurement actions (Choose two)
A. Use encrypted protocols, like those found in the OpenSSH suite.
B. Implement FAT32 filesystem for faster indexing and improved performance.
C. Configure the appropriate spoof rules on gateways (internal and external).
D. Monitor for CRP caches, by using IDS products.
Answer: AC
Explanation: First you should encrypt the data passed between the parties; in particular the session key. This technique is widely relied-upon by web-based banks and other e-commerce services, because it completely prevents sniffing-style attacks. However, it could still be possible to perform some other kind of session hijack. By configuring the appropriate spoof rules you prevent the attacker from using the same IP address as the victim as thus you can implement secondary check to see that the IP does not change in the middle of the session.
Q7. One of the ways to map a targeted network for live hosts is by sending an ICMP ECHO request to the broadcast or the network address. The request would be broadcasted to all hosts on the targeted network. The live hosts will send an ICMP ECHO Reply to the attacker's source IP address.
You send a ping request to the broadcast address 192.168.5.255.
There are 40 computers up and running on the target network. Only 13 hosts send a reply while others do not. Why?
A. Windows machines will not generate an answer (ICMP ECHO Reply) to an ICMP ECHO request aimed at the broadcast address or at the network address.
B. Linux machines will not generate an answer (ICMP ECHO Reply) to an ICMP ECHO request aimed at the broadcast address or at the network address.
C. You should send a ping request with this command ping ? 192.168.5.0-255
D. You cannot ping a broadcast address. The above scenario is wrong.
Answer: A
Q8. BankerFox is a Trojan that is designed to steal users' banking data related to certain banking entities.
When they access any website of the affected banks through the vulnerable Firefox 3.5 browser, the Trojan is activated and logs the information entered by the user. All the information entered in that website will be logged by the Trojan and transmitted to the attacker's machine using covert channel.
BankerFox does not spread automatically using its own means. It needs an attacking user's intervention in order to reach the affected computer.
What is the most efficient way an attacker located in remote location to infect this banking Trojan on a victim's machine?
A. Physical access - the attacker can simply copy a Trojan horse to a victim's hard disk infecting the machine via Firefox add-on extensions
B. Custom packaging - the attacker can create a custom Trojan horse that mimics the appearance of a program that is unique to that particular computer
C. Custom packaging - the attacker can create a custom Trojan horse that mimics the appearance of a program that is unique to that particular computer
D. Custom packaging - the attacker can create a custom Trojan horse that mimics the appearance of a program that is unique to that particular computer
E. Downloading software from a website? An attacker can offer free software, such as shareware programs and pirated mp3 files
Answer: E
Q9. Theresa is an IT security analyst working for the United Kingdom Internet Crimes Bureau in London. Theresa has been assigned to the software piracy division which focuses on taking down individual and organized groups that distribute copyrighted software illegally. Theresa and her division have been responsible for taking down over 2,000 FTP sites hosting copyrighted software. Theresa's supervisor now wants her to focus on finding and taking down websites that host illegal pirated software. What are these sights called that Theresa has been tasked with taking down?
A. These sites that host illegal copyrighted software are called Warez sites
B. These sites that Theresa has been tasked to take down are called uTorrent sites
C. These websites are referred to as Dark Web sites
D. Websites that host illegal pirated versions of software are called Back Door sites
Answer: A
Explanation: The Warez scene, often referred to as The Scene (often capitalized) is a term of self-reference used by a community that specializes in the underground distribution of pirated content, typically software but increasingly including movies and music.
Q10. More sophisticated IDSs look for common shellcode signatures. But even these systems can be bypassed, by using polymorphic shellcode. This is a technique common among virus writers - it basically hides the true nature of the shellcode in different disguises.
How does a polymorphic shellcode work?
A. They convert the shellcode into Unicode, using loader to convert back to machine code then executing them
B. They compress shellcode into normal instructions, uncompress the shellcode using loader code and then executing the shellcode
C. They reverse the working instructions into opposite order by masking the IDS signatures
D. They encrypt the shellcode by XORing values over the shellcode, using loader code to decrypt the shellcode, and then executing the decrypted shellcode
Answer: A
Explanation: In computer security, a shellcode is a small piece of code used as the payload in the exploitation of a software vulnerability. It is called "shellcode" because it typically starts a command shell from which the attacker can control the compromised machine. Shellcode is commonly written in machine code, but any piece of code that performs a similar task can be called shellcode