Q1. Sally is a network admin for a small company. She was asked to install wireless accesspoints in the building. In looking at the specifications for the access-points, she sees that all of them offer WEP. Which of these are true about WEP?
Select the best answer.
A. Stands for Wireless Encryption Protocol
B. It makes a WLAN as secure as a LAN
C. Stands for Wired Equivalent Privacy
D. It offers end to end security
Answer: C
Explanations:
WEP is intended to make a WLAN as secure as a LAN but because a WLAN is not constrained by wired, this makes access much easier. Also, WEP has flaws that make it less secure than was once thought.WEP does not offer end-to-end security. It only attempts to protect the wireless portion of the network.
Q2. What is the algorithm used by LM for Windows2000 SAM ?
A. MD4
B. DES
C. SHA
D. SSL
Answer: B
Explanation: Okay, this is a tricky question. We say B, DES, but it could be A “MD4” depending on what their asking - Windows 2000/XP keeps users passwords not "apparently", but as hashes, i.e. actually as "check sum" of the passwords. Let's go into the passwords keeping at large. The most interesting structure of the complex SAM-file building is so called V-block. It's size is 32 bytes and it includes hashes of the password for the local entering: NT Hash of 16-byte length, and hash used during the authentication of access to the common resources of other computers LanMan Hash, or simply LM Hash, of the same 16-byte length. Algorithms of the formation of these hashes are following: NT Hash formation: LM Hash formation:
Q3. Bill has successfully executed a buffer overflow against a Windows IIS web server. He has been able to spawn an interactive shell and plans to deface the main web page. He first attempts to use the "echo" command to simply overwrite index.html and remains unsuccessful. He then attempts to delete the page and achieves no progress. Finally, he tries to overwrite it with another page in which also he remains unsuccessful. What is the probable cause of Bill's problem?
A. You cannot use a buffer overflow to deface a web page
B. There is a problem with the shell and he needs to run the attack again
C. The HTML file has permissions of read only
D. The system is a honeypot
Answer: C
Q4. In the context of password security, a simple dictionary attack involves loading a dictionary file (a text file full of dictionary words) into a cracking application such as L0phtCrack or John the Ripper, and running it against user accounts located by the application. The larger the word and word fragment selection, the more effective the dictionary attack is. The brute force method is the most inclusive, although slow. It usually tries every possible letter and number combination in its automated exploration.
If you would use both brute force and dictionary methods combined together to have variation of words, what would you call such an attack?
A. Full Blown
B. Thorough
C. Hybrid
D. BruteDics
Answer: C
Explanation: A combination of Brute force and Dictionary attack is called a Hybrid attack or Hybrid dictionary attack.
Q5. War dialing is a very old attack and depicted in movies that were made years ago.
Why would a modem security tester consider using such an old technique?
A. It is cool, and if it works in the movies it must work in real life.
B. It allows circumvention of protection mechanisms by being on the internal network.
C. It allows circumvention of the company PBX.
D. A good security tester would not use such a derelict technique.
Answer: B
Explanation: If you are lucky and find a modem that answers and is connected to the target network, it usually is less protected (as only employees are supposed to know of its existence) and once connected you don’t need to take evasive actions towards any firewalls or IDS.
Q6. What happens when one experiences a ping of death?
A. This is when an IP datagram is received with the “protocol” field in the IP header set to 1 (ICMP) and the “type” field in the ICMP header is set to 18 (Address Mask Reply).
B. This is when an IP datagram is received with the “protocol” field in the IP header set to 1 (ICMP), the Last Fragment bit is set, and (IP offset ‘ 8) + (IP data length) >65535. In other words, the IP offset (which represents the starting position of this fragment in the original packet, and which is in 8-byte units) plus the rest of the packet is greater than the maximum size for an IP packet.
C. This is when an IP datagram is received with the “protocol” field in the IP header set to 1 (ICMP) and the source equal to destination address.
D. This is when an the IP header is set to 1 (ICMP) and the “type” field in the ICMP header is set to 5 (Redirect).
Answer: B
Explanation: A hacker can send an IP packet to a vulnerable machine such that the last fragment contains an offest where (IP offset *8) + (IP data length)>65535. This means that when the packet is reassembled, its total length is larger than the legal limit, causing buffer overruns in the machine's OS (becouse the buffer sizes are defined only to accomodate the maximum allowed size of the packet based on RFC 791)...IDS can generally recongize such attacks by looking for packet fragments that have the IP header's protocol field set to 1 (ICMP), the last bit set, and (IP offset *8) +(IP data length)>65535" CCIE Professional Development Network Security Principles and Practices by Saadat Malik pg 414 "Ping of Death" attacks cause systems to react in an unpredictable fashion when receiving oversized IP packets. TCP/IP allows for a maximum packet size of up to 65536 octets (1 octet = 8 bits of data), containing a minimum of 20 octets of IP header information and zero or more octets of optional information, with the rest of the packet being data. Ping of Death attacks can cause crashing, freezing, and rebooting.
Q7. John is the network administrator of XSECURITY systems. His network was recently compromised. He analyzes the logfiles to investigate the attack.
Take a look at the following Linux logfile snippet. The hacker compromised and "owned" a Linux machine. What is the hacker trying to accomplish here?
[root@apollo /]# rm rootkit.c
[root@apollo /]# [root@apollo /]# ps -aux | grep inetd ; ps -aux | grep portmap ;
rm /sbin/portmap ; rm /tmp/h ; rm /usr/sbin/rpc.portmap ; rm -rf .bash* ; rm -rf /root/.bash_history ; rm - rf /usr/sbin/namedps -aux | grep inetd ; ps -aux | grep portmap ;
rm /sbin/por359 ? 00:00:00 inetd 359 ? 00:00:00 inetd
rm: cannot remove `/tmp/h': No such file or directory
rm: cannot remove `/usr/sbin/rpc.portmap': No such file or directory
[root@apollo /]# ps -aux | grep portmap
[root@apollo /]# [root@apollo /]# ps -aux | grep inetd ; ps -aux | grep portmap ; rm
/sbin/portmap ;
rm /tmp/h ; rm /usr/sbin/rpc.portmap ; rm -rf .bash* ; rm -rf /root/.bash_history ; rm - rf
/usr/sbin/namedps -aux | grep inetd ; ps -aux | grep portmap ; rm /sbin/por359 ? 00:00:00
inetd
rm: cannot remove `/sbin/portmap': No such file or directory
rm: cannot remove `/tmp/h': No such file or directory
>rm: cannot remove `/usr/sbin/rpc.portmap': No such file or directory
[root@apollo /]# rm: cannot remove `/sbin/portmap': No such file or directory
A. The hacker is planting a rootkit
B. The hacker is trying to cover his tracks
C. The hacker is running a buffer overflow exploit to lock down the system
D. The hacker is attempting to compromise more machines on the network
Answer: B
Explanation: By deleting temporary directories and emptying like bash_history that contains the last commands used with the bash shell he is trying to cover his tracks.
Q8. In an attempt to secure his 802.11b wireless network, Bob decides to use strategic antenna positioning. He places the antenna for the access point near the center of the building. For those access points near the outer edge of the building he uses semi-directional antennas that face towards the buildings center. There is a large parking lot and outlying filed surrounding the building that extends out half a mile around the building. Bob figures that with this and his placement of antennas, his wireless network will be safe from attack. Which of he following statements is true?
A. Bob’s network will not be safe until he also enables WEP
B. With the 300-foot limit of a wireless signal, Bob’s network is safe
C. Bob’s network will be sage but only if he doesn’t switch to 802.11a
D. Wireless signals can be detected from miles away; Bob’s network is not safe
Answer: D
Explanation: It’s all depending on the capacity of the antenna that a potential hacker will use in order to gain access to the wireless net.
Q9. Anonymizer sites access the Internet on your behalf, protecting your personal information from disclosure. An anonymizer protects all of your computer's identifying information while it surfs for you, enabling you to remain at least one step removed from the sites you visit.
You can visit Web sites without allowing anyone to gather information on sites visited by you. Services that provide anonymity disable pop-up windows and cookies, and conceal visitor's IP address.
These services typically use a proxy server to process each HTTP request. When the user requests a Web page by clicking a hyperlink or typing a URL into their browser, the service retrieves and displays the information using its own server. The remote server (where the requested Web page resides) receives information on the anonymous Web surfing service in place of your information.
In which situations would you want to use anonymizer? (Select 3 answers)
A. Increase your Web browsing bandwidth speed by using Anonymizer
B. To protect your privacy and Identity on the Internet
C. To bypass blocking applications that would prevent access to Web sites or parts of sites that you want to visit.
D. Post negative entries in blogs without revealing your IP identity
Answer: BCD
Q10. What are the main drawbacks for anti-virus software?
A. AV software is difficult to keep up to the current revisions.
B. AV software can detect viruses but can take no action.
C. AV software is signature driven so new exploits are not detected.
D. It’s relatively easy for an attacker to change the anatomy of an attack to bypass AV systems
E. AV software isn’t available on all major operating systems platforms.
F. AV software is very machine (hardware) dependent.
Answer: C
Explanation: Although there are functions like heuristic scanning and sandbox technology, the Antivirus program is still mainly depending of signature databases and can only find already known viruses.