Q1. Harold just got home from working at Henderson LLC where he works as an IT technician. He was able to get off early because they were not too busy. When he walks into his home office, he notices his teenage daughter on the computer, apparently chatting with someone online. As soon as she hears Harold enter the room, she closes all her windows and tries to act like she was playing a game. When Harold asks her what she was doing, she acts very nervous and does not give him a straight answer. Harold is very concerned because he does not want his daughter to fall victim to online predators and the sort. Harold doesn't necessarily want to install any programs that will restrict the sites his daughter goes to, because he doesn't want to alert her to his trying to figure out what she is doing. Harold wants to use some kind of program that will track her activities online, and send Harold an email of her activity once a day so he can see what she has been up to. What kind of software could Harold use to accomplish this?
A. Install hardware Keylogger on her computer
B. Install screen capturing Spyware on her computer
C. Enable Remote Desktop on her computer
D. Install VNC on her computer
Answer: B
Q2. You are trying to package a RAT Trojan so that Anti-Virus software will not detect it. Which of the listed technique will NOT be effective in evading Anti-Virus scanner?
A. Convert the Trojan.exe file extension to Trojan.txt disguising as text file
B. Break the Trojan into multiple smaller files and zip the individual pieces
C. Change the content of the Trojan using hex editor and modify the checksum
D. Encrypt the Trojan using multiple hashing algorithms like MD5 and SHA-1
Answer: A
Q3. fter studying the following log entries, what is the attacker ultimately trying to achieve as inferred from the log sequence?
1. mkdir -p /etc/X11/applnk/Internet/.etc
2. mkdir -p /etc/X11/applnk/Internet/.etcpasswd
3. touch -acmr /etc/passwd /etc/X11/applnk/Internet/.etcpasswd
4. touch -acmr /etc /etc/X11/applnk/Internet/.etc
5. passwd nobody -d
6. /usr/sbin/adduser dns -d/bin -u 0 -g 0 -s/bin/bash
7. passwd dns -d
8. touch -acmr /etc/X11/applnk/Internet/.etcpasswd /etc/passwd
9. touch -acmr /etc/X11/applnk/Internet/.etc /etc
A. Change password of user nobody
B. Extract information from a local directory
C. Change the files Modification Access Creation times
D. Download rootkits and passwords into a new directory
Answer: C
Q4. Jenny a well known hacker scanning to remote host of 204.4.4.4 using nmap. She got the scanned output but she saw that 25 port states is filtered. What is the meaning of filtered port State?
A. Can Accessible
B. Filtered by firewall
C. Closed
D. None of above
Answer: B
Explanation: The state is either open, filtered, closed, or unfiltered. Filtered means that a firewall, filter, or other network obstacle is blocking the port so that Nmap cannot tell whether it is open or closed.
Q5. You have chosen a 22 character word from the dictionary as your password. How long will it take to crack the password by an attacker?
A. 5 minutes
B. 23 days
C. 200 years
D. 16 million years
Answer: A
Explanation: A dictionary password cracker simply takes a list of dictionary words, and one at a time encrypts them to see if they encrypt to the one way hash from the system. If the hashes are equal, the password is considered cracked, and the word tried from the dictionary list is the password. As long as you use a word found in or similar to a word found in a dictionary the password is considered to be weak.
Q6. Peter is a Linux network admin. As a knowledgeable security consultant, he turns to you to look for help on a firewall. He wants to use Linux as his firewall and use the latest freely available version that is offered. What do you recommend?
Select the best answer.
A. Ipchains
B. Iptables
C. Checkpoint FW for Linux
D. Ipfwadm
Answer: B
Explanation:
Ipchains was improved over ipfwadm with its chaining mechanism so that it can have multiple rulesets. However, it isn't the latest version of a free Linux firewall. Iptables replaced ipchains and is the latest of the free Linux firewall tools. Any Checkpoint firewall is not going to meet Jason's desire to have a free firewall. Ipfwadm is used to build Linux firewall rules prior to 2.2.0. It is a outdated version.
Q7. Most NIDS systems operate in layer 2 of the OSI model. These systems feed raw traffic into a detection engine and rely on the pattern matching and/or statistical analysis to determine what is malicious. Packets are not processed by the host's TCP/IP stack allowing the NIDS to analyze traffic the host would otherwise discard. Which of the following tools allows an attacker to intentionally craft packets to confuse pattern-matching NIDS systems, while still being correctly assembled by the host TCP/IP stack to render the attack payload?
A. Defrag
B. Tcpfrag
C. Tcpdump
D. Fragroute
Answer: D
Explanation: fragroute intercepts, modifies, and rewrites egress traffic destined for a specified host, implementing most of the attacks described in the Secure Networks "Insertion, Evasion, and Denial of Service: Eluding Network Intrusion Detection" paper of January 1998. It features a simple ruleset language to delay, duplicate, drop, fragment, overlap, print, reorder, segment, source-route, or otherwise monkey with all outbound packets destined for a target host, with minimal support for randomized or probabilistic behaviour. This tool was written in good faith to aid in the testing of network intrusion detection systems, firewalls, and basic TCP/IP stack behaviour.
Q8. What is the problem with this ASP script (login.asp)?
<%
Set objConn = CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")
objConn.Open Application("WebUsersConnection")
sSQL="SELECT * FROM Users where Username=? & Request("user") & _
"?and Password=? & Request("pwd") & "?
Set RS = objConn.Execute(sSQL)
If RS.EOF then Response.Redirect("login.asp?msg=Invalid Login") Else Session.Authorized = True
Set RS = nothing
Set objConn = nothing Response.Redirect("mainpage.asp") End If %>
A. The ASP script is vulnerable to XSS attack
B. The ASP script is vulnerable to SQL Injection attack
C. The ASP script is vulnerable to Session Splice attack
D. The ASP script is vulnerable to Cross Site Scripting attack
Answer: B
Q9. Study the snort rule given below:
From the options below, choose the exploit against which this rule applies.
A. WebDav
B. SQL Slammer
C. MS Blaster
D. MyDoom
Answer: C
Explanation: MS Blaster scans the Internet for computers that are vulnerable to its attack. Once found, it tries to enter the system through the port 135 to create a buffer overflow. TCP ports 139 and 445 may also provide attack vectors.
Q10. Consider the following code:
If an attacker can trick a victim user to click a link like this and the web application does not validate input, then the victim’s browser will pop up an alert showing the users current set of cookies. An attacker can do much more damage, including stealing passwords, resetting your home page or redirecting the user to another web site.
What is the countermeasure against XSS scripting?
A. Create an IP access list and restrict connections based on port number
B. Replace “<” and “>” characters with ?lt; and ?gt; using server scripts
C. Disable Javascript in IE and Firefox browsers
D. Connect to the server using HTTPS protocol instead of HTTP
Answer: B
Explanation: The correct answer contains a string which is an HTML-quoted version of the original script. The quoted versions of these characters will appear as literals in a browser, rather than with their special meaning as HTML tags. This prevents any script from being injected into HTML output, but it also prevents any user-supplied input from being formatted with benign HTML.
Topic 13, Web Based Password Cracking Techniques